Rostec State Corporation is Russia’s largest state-owned industrial and defense conglomerate. Established in 2007, it brings together hundreds of enterprises involved in the development and production of military and civilian technologies. Its defense activities cover armored vehicles, artillery, ammunition, aircraft, helicopters, aircraft engines, missiles, electronic warfare, communications, optics and other military equipment. Rostec is particularly important to Russia’s ability to sustain the war in Ukraine because many of its subsidiaries manufacture or repair the weapons and equipment used by the Russian armed forces. Major businesses within its structure include Uralvagonzavod, Kalashnikov Concern, United Aircraft Corporation, Russian Helicopters, United Engine Corporation, KRET, Ruselectronics and High-Precision Systems. Rostec has significantly expanded military production since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The corporation says that production of some military products increased several-fold as the Russian government redirected resources toward defense production. In 2024, Rostec reported consolidated revenue of approximately ₽3.61 trillion, although this figure includes both military and civilian activities. The corporation has also been subject to extensive international sanctions because of its role in Russia’s defense industry. Rostec faces challenges obtaining advanced foreign electronics, machine tools and other components, leading Russia to increase domestic production and develop alternative supply chains. Rostec is therefore best understood not simply as a weapons manufacturer, but as a central pillar of Russia’s military-industrial system, connecting research, component production, manufacturing, repair and modernization across a vast network of enterprises.