Over two and a half years into Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine reports show that Russia is struggling to provide enough equipment to keep up with the losses suffered.

As Ukraine continues to target and successfully destroy Russian ammunition depots Russia continues to receive help from friendly countries to keep their stocks of ammunition high enough to meet the demands of the conflict. International sanctions have complicated this situation for Russia however they continue to find support in return for exporting technology and commodities to partners.

Let's take a look at some of the countries that have supported Russia's invasion of Ukraine, what they have provided, and how it aids their ability to strike military targets and civilian settlements in Ukraine.

## China
Beijing has been accused of selling military equipment to Russia including electronics and components used in military hardware in return for information on technological advancements. It is reported that 70% of the machine tools and 90% of the microelectronics Russia imports comes from China. Chinese companies have also been reported to provide non-lethal military aid such as protective gear and surveillance equipment which Russia could use for intelligence gathering. China's involvement raises questions about its commitment to comply with international sanctions.

## Iran
Iran has been one of the most significant suppliers of weapons to Russia providing drones including the Shahed-136 and Mohajer-6. These UAVs have been used to devastating effect against Ukrainian cities and infrastructure causing damage and loss of life. Reports also suggest that Iran may be supplying Russia with short-range ballistic missiles. Iran's support for Russia marks a significant escalation in their military relationship.

## North Korea
North Korea has a long history of cooperation with Russia and has been providing Moscow with artillery shells and rockets. North Korea's stockpiles of Soviet-era artillery shells are in demand from Russia. This partnership highlights the enduring relationship between North Korea and Russia and once again demonstrates the challenges of enforcing international sanctions.

## Belarus
Belarus has played a crucial role in Russia's war effort, providing logistical and material support to Russian forces. The country has allowed Russia to use its territory as a staging ground for attacks on Ukraine and has also provided repair facilities for Russian equipment damaged in the conflict. Belarus has also been involved in training exercises with Russia, these points suggest that Belarus is deeply invested in Russia's war effort.

## Conclusion
Russia's ability to bolster its military-industrial complex through strategic partnerships with key nations has proven instrumental and its impact is only going to grow in sustaining its war effort. The involvement of countries such as Iran, North Korea, and Belarus has significantly contributed to Russia's ability to circumvent international sanctions and maintain a steady supply chain. As the conflict in Ukraine persists it is evident that Russia will need to exploit all available channels to acquire the necessary resources to sustain its war effort. Whether it is able to achieve this may be the determining factor in the outcome of this protracted conflict.


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A look at some of the countries that have supported Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

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